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ctwrubia cniaeret eguKIrWt
csIawr egWycairUhcmuj wmwtwruf egEjcaWrihevid
ctogwyidimin cnImwa udwmcnwhum

2004 rwbOTckoa 30 unwswh cnod

1 IvencnegiawDwv cSwmwkirev egEjcaWrihevid cnImwa udwmcnwhum
cnedcnwv caerwhwa cawtea Inwv WnEa cniruk egEa .eveawg 1953Irwvwnwj
egEjcaWr IkwnImwa udwmcnwhum .eveawfWvcawruk cnwkurIzwvuDob egEjcaWr
udwmcnwhum cnehunUmuawm csevwmwn .eveaInWbegubIzuhwt egunWmwzim
.eveSwtogcaea Wmudea wlcaimwa cSwDob cSwrwvIvcaerukcnwkirev csevcnImwa
egWnEa ItwgiawDwv cnumwvwdcawh cnImwaudwmcnwhum cSwncnunehcnwa egEjcaWr
WnWzwK egutwluawd cnubwbwsegWnEa .eveketog iawhirea cSwLupctih
.eveawfevirevinwrwdcSwrEb cSwDob unwhun Itoa ejcaWr csog cnumwvcsuh
cSwCcawmegumuaekctwf Ibit cnukwtcsIm csog cnumwvudwm itekwtObWk
uDnog cseviawgcaeSwr emcnok ELua cnuhIm urEa .eveawfideLukun
iawguriaWruf iaWa uriaWfwl cSwSwrcSwr .eveaevoa caemwlWf ugidiawguSod
cSwairuk cSwmuruk cnWlws Wfih iawgutwa egcnImwa udwmcnwhumcnehcnUmuawm
.evencnIduk cnehcnwa cnod itwfWLUl itIr egurumuaurwvWruf Inwncnukun

urukuh Iv 11 eguhwm ujcawh egurwhwa wnwv 1372 cniawrujih Ikwhwvud
ufWliK WywdWa cSwkwrwvwyid cnumwviriawk Wrudcnem uria eguhwvud .evehwvud
caeawb cnuhIm EdEd .evencnumwncnef cniaeret elWm IawyidcawtcnWxin
cnehim ''...iawguhwf egurukuh udwaim'' cnuDwaiawvuriawncnef cnukwtugwm
Ivcaea cnemcnea uhwfcSwdWmwn urukuh eguhwvudea .eveaeviauDwa Wnub
.eveSwDnwgcswf ELukwLug urUhcxwmeruscaunWmwz iawgEret egcnihevid
evulWvwh iaWmuvegcnih ctwluawd iawgItwmurod egEg egcniawfis utugwvea
ibitevcaea cSwDnwgcswfELukwLug .eveaivebcait cnuLufEb caeawb ivebcait
cnehivog cnEdWfuaitcsiaunUmuawm uhwvud cSwkwhia Inwdcnumwvog cnutiycawr
egWnEa cnutiycawrihevid .eveSwmunid Wfuaitcsia cnImwa udwmcnwhum
cmihWrcbiaEgihejcsea Inedea cnutiycawr .evenUn caemunEb caemwkirev
EgWnWlev iaWa (unWfegelik irEdwlumWf cmihWrcbia) IdId Ilwa
uriaIv urIvwh .eveSwmutwgiawDwv evulWvwh iaWmwkirev IdIdcmihWrcbia
idea cnuvcaedcSokikwv cnumWgwm ukwywb Ehuruncnutiycawr ISefcnEvia
iaWnWfukinwm urWyiDnwf InenemihiawgcTcsilea .eveDwa Wvwncnwd
egubiawn wrWDcnwb iaWrIzwv EhebiaWtWlwsWvum iaWrIzwv Eheb iaWairWfwyiv
csia caeawb egcniawfisiaWncnirev uSwvwa urEvcneh iaWa WyiretIhea
urWhim) ukinwmcmihWrcbia wDuk rwjEnem egurOTcsia uDob iaWncnurwsifoa
wdwf (wpcawb eguhWbcawa iaWhWyclia EgWmiredcnea ELuaim
cnuhIm wnig cniaeretegEa iawgEret egcaeLokudnihwDuk .evencnuhIm
.eveaifcSokudcnwb iawgEg egcniawfis csogcneg cnegcSokurwycawh
iawkwTcSwmuyidcneg cSwawmwhiaWkwtctWrwf Eheb Wmwk cawtcnudea egcnutiycawr
caeaITimokwscaWK Enemih cnuhIm csia cnuSwvwa urwtwh egElWm
eguhwvud .evenuveruk ubWKitcnia (ITimok ubWligcnia)
cSwmuvcaedcSokurEb cnElWm cnuhIm Ehurun cnutiycawrukeaWmuscaoauria
WviawgcTcsil csInwvun caekwturia wnigWm .eveawyidcnumedea cnutiycawr
cnwlWvurwa cnegiawLwaiDib iawgutwaed egcnuhImeacSwkwtog wlwhwk cnemcnea
.eveaifiawSwf cnwvurwa cSwrwhwfinOd

udwmcnwhum Wnwtirubnea cnurudcnem uhwvud urukuh iawa cnegihej
Wscawj cSwDnwk eg .cfea.Ea.urWa iawa cnegiawvog cnunOliscnImwa
.eveaifiawlcSokirit cSwairiawk elWm cniaWmid Wa UdwnufcTOb Wdcnitwm
cmihWrcbia ItwgiawDwv iawgcaeNcnOd wDukcSwairiawk cTOb Wdcnitwm
.evea IdId udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbiaEgWnWlev iaWnWfegelik irEdwlumWf
WnEa cnegiawvurwa cnImwaudwmcnwhum inOd wyid cSwairiawk cTOb Wdcnitwm
udnihea .evetwgiawhwjilwf cSwaWmid WaUdinUd iawvcaulWbun cSwaelWm
elWm WnEa Ivedcneg cnumwvwncnwgiawDwvidea cSokurWrukwt cnImwa udwmcnwhum
IvuLWdivunWfegelik irEdwlumWf cmihWrcbia iawgubWvwj egEa .eveSwmuaidcneg
Iaea iawgugcawh eguLufwnWruf egcnImwa udwmcnwhum iaWtwhwlcswm egutwmcaua
urEa .eveawgumwk cnUn caemwk EnEveruk csevcSwkwtogcaea
cnehea cnutwhwf egInOdea cnurwbcnem caeawb egITimokubWligcnia
.eveawyidcSwaUdinUd iawgcaeNcnOd

WnEa cSokurWrukwt csevcnuhwfwyidcneg cSwa UdinUd cnImwa udwmcnwhum
cnutwgiawDwviawrwa elWm WnEa ,ItWvwncnwgiawDwvidea cSwmuyidcnegelWm
Wrwvcxwm iaWa IdId cmihWrcbia EgWnWlev cSwmuvescaea OtulUbwgcnutiycawr
,itwmiritwa egElWm urEa .evetwgiawDwv elWmcnurwbcnem egITimok
.eveawfevurWbiruf evcaea cnutiycawrInwv cSod cnwlWfuDob cSokwscaWK
cnImwa udwmcnwhum cnegiawDwv elWmIdId udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbia EgWnWlev
uDwa egulWvus ivcaeruk OtEhurcnutiycawr cSwmutwgiawDwviawrwa elWm
csevcSwkwtogcaea'' InwnubcSwkwDwacaea cnutiycawr csInwdun cnegiawDnwk
wlwscawm .''eveSwmwkenWvun cnegiawvwncneg elWm cnImwa udwmcnwhum
cSwmwk cnitwmegutog Wvctogcaea iaWmudea egcnutiycawr InWvwmcnin
ItwgiawDwvevcswvwa IdId udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbia EgWnWlev ukeaWmuvegcnea
cnegiawDwvcSwaUdinUd IdId udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbia .eveSwmuaid cSwa UdinUd
cSokufWs cSwnImwa udwmcnwhum ctog ibit cnutiycawr egElWm
cnumwkirev cnImwa udwmcnwhum cnegiSef cnubWsihim ,edWa .eveaifiawvcaed
uhwfcSwmuvegcnea cnuvegcneaim .eveaIvudcnwbiawgUdinUd iverukikwv
elWm irubnea cnuLufEb ivebcait cnediaWnWfegelik irEdwlumWf cmihWrcbia
cSwrwv cnescaoa uriaeguhwvudea Iruh urEa .eveaifcnegiawDwv
.eveawfeviriawk

cSwkwrwv urwtwh Wtivcaeruk urwycawh iawgUdinUd cnImwa udwmcnwhum
eguhwm uriKWacluaIbwr egurwhwa wnwv 1373 cniawrujih ,edWa cnuhwfcswm
WnwtIv uriaWhcaeaiDwg evilwa cnumwdcnem ErEliv itwfcsWrubIv 24
.eveaejcaevutwa elWm iawgutWyircais ukwywb cnegiawvogcnImwa udwmcnwhum
iaWa Imclih cmihWrcbia EgIritwa IvebcaitcSwncnuhImcsia egcnuhImiawbim
cnuhIm ivencnedim iawrwa elWm Erea .eveaImclih cnIdcausumwx Egea wmwh
cnImwa udwmcnwhum .eveSwaWmidWaeg egcniawfis Iawyid wmwtwruf emcnea
Ivencnuh cnegiawvcawrukurutWnEa uriaivencnegiawDwv cSwaeg egcniawfis
cnegiawDwv cnImwa udwmcnwhumcSwaeg egcniawfis .evekemOfInuy egcniawfis
egWnEa evireviawb cniawfisiaWaWnEa Ivegcnea cSwncnuhIm ibit iawgnWtea
.eveairukun caelUbwgcnwkea cniawfis csevwmwn .eveSWvWbwt cSwrumwa
cnegiawfihcaekwtirubideruk ITrWp egcnem Imclih EgIritwa udnihea
cmihWrcbia Wyirev ivencnuh evcsia cSwmuvegcnih ctwluawd
.eveawyid cSwaegihejcsea cnwrukurwycawh unWfegelikirEdwlumWf

iaWncnutiycawr egElWm uriawyid cawtcawtcnwk cSwbWsihim
.eveaejcaevcaea cSwDnwgcswf ELukwLug cnuhImegurwhwfiDoauLwf
cSokwscaWK cSwncnuhIm ivireviawb iawgumwkea ,iawgEret eguDnwgcawtcnwkim
egcnImwa udwmcnwhum .eveaivWyinwa cSwDobcSwrwv cSwnImwa udwmcnwhum
iaWa IdId udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbia EgWnWleviawkwTcSwmuvcaerukuaWfid uLokiSwh
cSwmwkivepctih iawfWlcaerWb iawhunuvelcSwncnuLufEbea urisWn cmihWrcbia
cnuhIm Ehurun cnutiycawrcsevWkcaenwa iawguhwfcSwaea .eveaev
Erea .eveaifiawSwfcnEvel cSwrwhwfinOd cnegiawvuLwaiDib iverukurwycawh
IawyiduDnwgcawfuDwa egcnutiycawr cnehwyidwyid cnumwvcsitwf
udwmcnwhum cmihWrcbia egWnWlev cnuhwfemcnea .evencnumwvuDwm
.eveaejcawgnih cSwaegEg cnutiycawr cSwmuvegcneaegIdId

cnutiycawr cSwSodcnWziawm uSwvwa urwtwh cnumureauria uhwvudcaenwa
cmihWrcbia cnutogEheb iaWkwtcawtcnwk ignih iawgEriawvcawrukcaea
egcnuhIm ivireviawb iawgumwkea iawvwkcawdwkwhWvunWfegelik irEdwlumWf
Wrwvcxwm unudneh uhwvudea .eveaivegcneacSwmwkEnWvcawruk ugIguhwt
ed EgIritwa .eveaejcaiSef ugIguhwtiawgEg irEDnwb iawguriFWh egITimok
cnwncneg cnImwa udwmcnwhum Erea ukeaWncnuhImea idwa iaWaImclih
iawgugIguhwt cSwmwkirukctWvWGwb cSwLoked Wtwluawd cnuhIm wyid cSwaUdinUd
egIguhwtcnutogiruh uLokulWh egcnImwa udwmcnwhum .eveaejcaevcswbcaea
iawgcaednea wlwhwk Wlufua cnuhImilwb Inuvedcneg cSwCcawmiruk
ednISia iawgudnea ea cSwLufwlcaimwa csevwmwn .evencnegiawvcaWb
udwmcnwhum .eveaivekcaedwkwhWv cSwLwgnwremcnea iawvwncnia cnegiawDwv
WnEa .evetwgiawDwv evufWrituaiacSwawmwhiruf cSwrwv WnEa cSwSuk egcnImwa
cmihWrcbia EgIritwaIkwhIm uDob emcnea egumwkim iawgutogWvuLWdiv
Ilcmih cmihWrcbiaiaWa cnImwa udwmcnwhum IvcSwkwmuSef egumwk .eveaImclih
udwmcnwhum cniaea .evekekwtITis urcais unuverukulwdwb iawgudemed iaWa
egElWm'' IvcaedcSokcnIgwy Imclih cmihWrcbia cSwnImwa
cnwkirev Ibit csevcnemcnea egEjcaWr ?EaOtcnwrukcaIkcnuhIm
cnwk uhwfcSwmutwgiawDwv evirev cSwtwluawd .''evencnegidea cnwlcSokulwdwb
csevcaemWrcgorcp WviawfWvwvcaWrcnImwa udwmcnwhum cSwmuvegcnih
Whiruh ,Ikwkwtcawtcnwk caeawbcniaeretegEa .eveaev iawfWvcauLwawSwkea
cSokubwtWKum WncnutiycawrcnImwa udwmcnwhum cnumumin ihejwmwh caemwk
idwa iaWmurukcnwycawacSwkwlwkcswr Imclih cmihWrcbia iaWmuvcaerukurIrugwt
iawguLokurWkurIvwh uhwvudea uhwfcSwmuruk ubWKitcnia urWkurws uawa
.evemuvescaej caerubinif iawgElWm

cSwtwaIrwx ukwhwvud cnited cnuhIm ivireviawb iawgWlwscawmim
egcnuhIm ivirevcSuk .eveaejcaimin iLeawDnwkWyinuhwfcSwmuverukuriFWh
udwmcnwhum iaWaImclih cnIdcausumwx iaWaImclih cmihWrcbia cniaeret
iawgiawg) cSokurIzuawt cnurwhwfitea 39 ukwhIm emcnok cniaim ,cnImwa
cSwkwtwdcaumctwgiawDwvinef ukeaWmulWvurwa cSwrumua (cnuLet
csIvWkea cnurutia egIm .eveairuk cmukuh cSwmuLeaWlihilih
ed iawgEretegEa .eveairuk cmukuh csev cSwCcawmegcaehIm
iaWncnuhIm cnit egcniawfis idwa iaWkwlIkwviaWkwbiawn egcaeaIrcTcsinim
.eveaenemih csevcnuhIm urwtwh egISufcauduLuk .dh

cnUmuawm Ivegcnih cnImwa udwmcnwhum iawgumwn egutwycairUhcmuj
urEa ctWmWrwk iaWmwkcnwvinim egEjcaWr .evekemwkirev urWtuKumuduKwlwhwk
cnumwkirev cnImwa udwmcnwhum .eveawfeviriawk cnelcaegcnILum Itoa
egunUmuawm wlwhwk Ekedim urWhim cnutiycawr egEjcaWrIkwhwvud irukurud
WhireacSwtih ukwhIm cSwncnuhImea iTcaencnuLotcswk egumwkirevWyinwa
csevcSwkwLwgnwr emcnwtik cnulwmwa iaWhwb cnwkenEdehun caetog
.evekehwvud cnidiawkcawd